Social Norms And Its Effect On Society - 957 Words

Introduction Several individuals within society typically follow social guidelines that they are unaware of performing. Social guidelines such as stopping at a red light or saying thank you when someone has done something for you. These social guidelines or norms give society a script to follow regarding their behavior and actions. Although norms are the acceptable actions and behaviors that society is taught to perform, there are occurrences where individuals stray away from this in which they are now enacting deviance. To act deviant is considered to break away or do something different of a social norm. There are several forms of deviance that occur frequently within society that violate social norms and hinder society’s overall function. In particular, a form of deviance that hinders the social norm would include bullying. Bullying strips the self image of an individual that can cause internal and external pain to themselves or others. Specially, several incidents of bullying occur in adolescents. It is adolescents who are most prone to bullying or engage in bullying that ultimately focuses on an individual’s gender, race and sexuality. Thus, adolescents engaging in deviance by bullying peers have a harsh impact on the individual’s sensitivity toward their gender, race, and sexuality which can harm not only their mental and physical health, but their overall disposition. Define the problem Bullying is a social factor that has many different implements that come to playShow MoreRelatedSocial Norms And Its Effect On Society1105 Words   |  5 PagesWhether people are aware of it or not, society as a whole is silently dictating how people should live their lives from the inside through social norms, effectively removing the individuality and charm everyone has and promoting the ordinary while in actuality individuals should concerning themselves over what others are doing and focus on their own lives. Social norms are most of all a limitation to how individual people should be living their lives and most of which are not necessary to followRead MoreSocial Norms And Its Effect On Society1253 Words   |  6 PagesAll social phenomena, including economic institutions and social norms, emerge from the actions and interactions of individuals. The task of social sciences is to study how these two components can give rise to different social dynamics and social events. For a l ong time, social scientists have disagreed on which component plays a dominant role. The study of social norms can help us understand a wide variety of seemingly puzzling human behavior. As norm existence and compliance can be best understoodRead MoreSocial Norms And Its Effect On Society Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesSociety, without even saying a word, has given us rules and guidelines that we have to abide. Social norms are rules or guidelines regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable or appropriate within a culture. They are so embedded within our daily life that often we do not notice them. Because norms are so ingrained within our society, deviation of social norms can lead to be ostracized or even arrested depending on the situation. Violating norms, like promoting hate message about poor people,Read MoreSocial Norms And Its Effects On Society Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesWe live in a society that compels us to behave and appear a certain way. From a young age, our parents instruct us on how to socialize, who to socialize with, and how to dress and act. It is all in the name of normalcy, a life where we abide by the norms that have been socially constructed for us. One of the most harmful and widespread social norms is that of heterosexuality. Throughout a child’s developmental period, parents, teachers, and society as a whole press the gender binary and heterosexualRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society1750 Words   |  7 Pagesadopts a genealogical approach to examine the effects of punishment on society. In this paper, we apply Foucauldian analysis to information technology, especially social media on the internet. We will see that social media has both a homogenizing and a polarizing effect — while it often polarizes across social groups, it homogenizes within groups. Social media allows there to be less interaction between people of different groups while allowing norms to be spread and enforced more easily within groupsRead MoreTheme Of Social Norms In The Tempest1520 Words   |  7 Pagesby certain expectations and unwritten rules that our society creates. These expected behaviors are called norms. When one establishes the role that they play in society, they are governed by the expectations that society places on that specific role. Norms give order to a society, but is that enough to say that they are good for citizens? Are these norms needed to govern our behavior in a way that our government cannot? Social norms and the effect that they can have on a person or group of people isRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Its Effects On People And Society1653 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination has many effects on people and the society, and these effects are mostly negative. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, the author, demonstrates racial discrimination and its effects through Tom Robinson s case. Tom Robinson is accused of raping and beating Mayella, and Atticus Finch is the man w ho steps up to defend this innocent man in the town of Maycomb, where everyone was decided from racial prejudice. In the three following sources, Montgomery Boycott, White PeopleRead MorePrivacy Rights : Moral And Legal Foundations1312 Words   |  6 PagesWhat role, if any, do social norms and/or morals play in shaping privacy rights and/or expectations? It is understood that there are a number of definitions of privacy. Intellectuals have published works with varying content throughout the years. In 1890, Warren and Brandeis’ article gathered that privacy is the â€Å"right to be let alone† (Samuel Warren). Additionally, William Parent suggested that â€Å"privacy is the condition of not having undocumented personal knowledge about one possessed by others†Read MoreGender Roles During The Years Men And Women Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesGender Roles in Society Over the years men and women have been given gender roles that they are pressured to follow. According to Amy Blackstone, â€Å"gender roles are based on the different expectations that individuals, groups and societies have of individuals based on their sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2003). In other words, gender roles are social norms and expectations, created and accepted by society, based on a person’s gender. There have been different gender roles throughout the different time eras and in some erasRead More Social Norms1709 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance is a title that insinuates the violation of social norms in society. This can be described as adjacent to criminal and improper behaviour imposed by the people who break the social norms of a society. Thus, becoming subjective to a label of deviant. Deviants often have punishment bestowed upon them by authoritive figures such as the enforcers of law. There are many universal types of deviance throughout societys over the world such as alcoholism, addiction, mental illness and homosexuality

Public Health Information Of A Ceo Or Top Executive

I do not believe that as a shareholder I am entitled to receive private health information of a CEO or other top executives of the company in the extent that they are seriously ill. I believe this because of HIPAA laws. Any employee of a company no matter how high up the ladder they are everyone is covered by this law. This law states that it covers individuals past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition, the provision of health care to the individual, and the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to the individual. So by law the CEO and other top executives have the option to disclose their health issue or not just like any other person or employee has this right whether or not to disclose private health information. If a CEO or top executive is seriously ill, it is an issue between them and their family not shareholders as they need to figure out a plan for recovery. It is the same way, if the CEO or top executive is going through a d ivorce that is a personal family matter that does not involve the shareholders. If it is keeping them from participating in their daily duties in the company then that is when they need to talk to their boss, but not the shareholders as there will be way too many opinions, public talk/rumors, not what they need to be focused on. Therefore, I believe when dealing with a difficult family matter such as a divorce, a CEO should discuss the matter with other top executives to come up with the bestShow MoreRelatedSame Risks Of Private Vs Public972 Words   |  4 Pagesrisks in private versus public? Although subtle, differences do exist between publicly traded company and privately held companies. Public companies use the compensation plans as a tool to deliver the â€Å"right† amount of compensation such that it does not lead to unwanted scrutiny, whereas private companies wish to drive value creation. This difference reflects a distinction in the incentives and constraint of their governance structure. Indeed, the board of directors of public companies is composedRead MoreAn Evaluation Of A Structured Executive Compensation Package1612 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Foreword The objective of a suitably structured executive compensation package is to engage, retain, and motivate CEOs and senior management. When it comes to attracting the best senior talent, having the right compensation strategy can make the difference between success and failure. Knowing what strategies work, and those that don’t, is a vital part of any senior recruitment strategy. The objective of this survey is to provide insights into the remuneration and benefits structure and compareRead MoreEvergreen Health And Health Access Team Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesEvergreen Health has dedicated its time to healthcare quality, safety, and cost-efficiency while maintaining a healthy and productive community. Evergreen Health has a significant influence on patients, to be treated respectfully through their mission and values. Evergreen Hospital values its patients with respectful treatment, privacy, and care—a. At the same time providing excellence in care and cost effici ency., This proved to be helpful because they were rated among the top 5% hospitals inRead MoreCompensation Of Ceos At Nonprofit Hospitals Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesJoynt, K. E. (2014). Compensation of CEOs at nonprofit hospitals. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(1), 61–67. f. Data collection procedures and instruments. The authors accessed 7 data sources: (1) publicly available Form 990 tax returns compiled by GuideStar for US hospitals filing as nonprofit entities in 2009; (2) the American Hospital Association annual survey; (3) rural-urban commuting area codes;Read MoreCareer Path Choice : Chief Executive Officer1564 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Path Choice: Chief Executive Officer There is a lot been spoken about C.E.O in the business world within the media releases and tabloids, and that is how many get to know this job as a prestigious status. The position that is credited for the laymen as a â€Å"win in the lottery† lifetime experience, is also â€Å"All fame and fortune† taboo. Those terms refer to the Chief Executive Officer, more known as C.E.O. Who are those prestigious managers, powerful businesspeople capable of fully managing smallRead MoreCorporate Governance Is A Main Point Attention Of An Organization1445 Words   |  6 Pagesillustrated that corporate governance is the way the company’s board of directors is organised and functions. Chairman The role of a chairman includes the following: - Attending board meetings - Liaising between the board and CEO - Providing independent information and counsel to CEO - Organizing board meetings - Prioritising and applying focus to key tasks - Ensuring board works as a team to reach a decision - Review the board s effectiveness The chairman helps to have an impact on how the boardRead MoreThe Leader Of The Field Of Healthcare1271 Words   |  6 Pagesfield of healthcare Rebecca Onie and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Health Lead is instrumental in creating a company which assist low-income patients in obtaining care for the main reason of him/her diseases and the best way to get assistance for low-income individuals. (Michaels, 2011). Rebecca Onie was recognized during her years as a medical student at Boston Medical Center; that individuals living in poverty have recurring illnesses due to him/her health issues. Which is triggered by inadequateRead MoreWatching A News Episode Related Health, Medicine, Nursing And Illness1683 Words   |  7 PagesWatch a news episode related to health, medicine, nursing and illness. Read the questions before you watch the program so that you will have the questions in mind while watching. Complete the assignment by answering each question in paragraph form. Answers need to be complete and comprehensive, demonstrating that you paid attention to the film and thought about what was shown on the screen. You may use more than one paragraph if necessary. Be sure that the topic sentence of your first paragraphRead MoreExecutive Officer Of Physician Practices807 Words   |  4 PagesCEO of Physician Practices There are many professions within the health sciences. The one that I have chosen to pursue is Chief Executive Officer of Physician Practices. In order to achieve this numerous skills, training, and degrees/certifications are needed. The training can be vast and can mean many years of school. Kaplan can eventually help get the degree and education required to obtain this goal. The Chief Executive Officer of Physician Practices has many job requirements. He essentiallyRead MoreWhy Csr? The Benefits Of Corporate Social Responsibility1654 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion #1: Forbes Magazine Entrepreneurs segment published an article â€Å"Why CSR? The Benefits Of Corporate Social Responsibility Will Move You To Act†. The author of the article Devin Thorpe, connected with several corporate executives representing small and large organizations from an array of different industries in efforts to establish if CSR does in fact benefit a corporation. Based off his discussions with these business professionals and experts, Devin concluded the following: Majority

Oliver Stones Controversial Film JFK Essay Example For Students

Oliver Stones Controversial Film JFK Essay The Oliver Stone’s film JFK tries to recreate a period in history tragic and also inspiring to its public. Stone tried to demonstrate that the corruption is present in any governmental work, so that people can escape of being punished, including the Assassination of a president and pass it out. Scandals and conspiracy theories run rampant in this society, which sustained Jim Garrison to ask what the authorities told him about the murder of JFK. Predominantly based on truth, the movie suggests to the people to ask authorities and make them feel they need to modify what goes wrong in this world. This film is a social documentary in every right. It states the facts that happened at that time and even though amplifies in the dialogue; it is principally based on truth. It responds to the need to educate the public on the mass idea of political democracy. Garrison’s theories and speculations were never proven, and the person on trial was eventually acquitted, yet his argument was so strong that it caught the attention of many, so much that Oliver Stone felt he should direct this pseudo-documentary. Using an associative mode to reel the viewer in, it is possible to relate the situation to Judas and Jesus in the Bible. Human nature has an inherent lust for power and control, and certain times in history; people have abused their power to gain personally. JFK truly does this by showing the lives of Garrison’s family and the lives influenced directly by the shooting. It also follows the lines of a documentary of social protest. The viewer wants to know the truth about what they are being told and will do virtually anything to figure it out. The bigger the lie, the more people will believe it. † Joseph Goebbels This lie uncovered by Garrison, in fact, is virtually the biggest lie ever. The impact on democracy and our society is so great because, if true, the viewer will want to do something to right the wrongs so they can feel safe within the system again. 2. The Government Case The story pursues the possible case and the process which Jim Garrison generates across cer tain Government officials in killing JFK. He published the discoveries from the records of the assassination. He also noted that for Oswald was impossible to kill Kennedy and defined his theory on more than a single assassin. Then he thought that for everything to happen exactly it did, the person who provoked this tragedy must have a great power and also influence to camouflage everything so well. Actually, the media plays a neutral observer that is influenced by whatever is told. Firstly, the media sustains Garrison’s case, yet when influenced by the â€Å"higher powers† that he just tries to cause disorder, the media tries to deteriorate his reputation. Finally, one of the last and great images is the words written on the screen: â€Å"What is past is prologue†. What is interesting is the repeating history despite how many years ago an incident happened it has a huge impact on things that follows. The concept of molding the media and pulling off such a heinous act against America is quite terrifying. Garrison claimed Oswald innocent of his crimes and referred to him as a patsy or a scapegoat for the real murderers. How do we as a public know that something like that will not get framed on us? It is a mystery wrapped in an enigma left to chance; everything had to be carefully planned. Another picture from the movie said that â€Å"study the past†. How is it possible to repeat the same tragedy over and over again in history? Is there something we as a public can do to insure our safety? Such questions are raised in this movie. JFK also uses certain techniques to relay the director’s impressions of the story. It is quite obvious what the director feels to be the truth, that there was a conspiracy to kill the president from extremely high government officials. By making some of the film actual footage and other parts a re-creation of events, Stone can definitely demonstrate that his ideas are placed on facts. Using a lot of different whistles and bells of the film industry, Oliver Stone truly brings a mind boggling memory of the murder of the President and the rumors regarding his assassination. By making a documentary, the full weight of the situation and the circumstances prove to be both enlightening and inspiring. The Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in the killing of the President. After that Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby, a vigilante, also acting alone. This was the official conclusion in the case; it has been proposed that, depending on whose poll you quote, between 55 and 75 percent of Americans today believe there was a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. The Americans didn’t believe that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone for many reasons and came to their conclusion: he was part of a conspiracy. When Stone read Jim Garrisons book â€Å"On the Trail of the Assassins†, he became absorbed in the conspiracy rumors of the JFK assassination. Garrison w? s the District Attorney of New Orle? ns ? t the time of Kennedys murder th? t, three ye? rs ? fter the murder ? ctu? lly took pl? ce, beg? n to h? ve suspicions th? t the W? rren commission h? d not found out the entire truth. This led to his becoming obsessed with the c? se ? nd eventu? lly bringing New Orle? ns businessm? n Cl? y Sh? w (Tommy Lee Jones) to tri? l on ch? rges of conspiring to kill Kennedy. This w? s the only tri? l th? t ever took pl? ce ? fter the W? rren Commission to ? ttempt to ch? rge someone in the conspir? cy. Silent Film and Music EssayIn reality the OKeefe character did not exist. He was made up by Stone in order to compress many characters into one to simplify an already complicated film. Another character that got Stone in trouble with critics was the character of Mr. X (Donald Sutherland dives an excellent performance as X). Mr. X, who worked in the Pentagon at the time of the assassination as a Black Operative shows up and gives Garrison information in the film. They meet up in Washington D. C. nd, in a park with the Washington monument in the background, X gives Garrison some inside information and tells Garrison that he is on the right track and Closer than he thinks. Stone was accused of fictionalizing this character too. Mr. X was real however but in reality him and Garrison never actually met during the investigation but only corresponded by mail after the fact. They only met years later and the meeting was arranged by Stone. A further blurring of reality and fiction in this f ilm is the use of real historical footage as well as footage recreated by Stone to look real. The real footage consists of newsreel footage such as the footage of Walter Cronkite reporting the assassination on television right after it happened as well as the infamous Zapruder film, which is the well-known 8mm footage taken by a bystander of the actual shooting. The Zapruder footage is fairly graphic and shows the actual shooting in progress. It was used as evidence by the Warren Commission but, like many other pieces of evidence, was not available to be seen by the public for years later. The inclusion of this real footage helps to maintain that this film is meant shed light on the actual reality of the event not to just dramatize it and say this is what happened when Garrison started his investigation. â€Å"The inclusion of this footage also helps to blur the classification of the film itself. It is not purely documentary nor is it purely drama. The newly coined tag of docu-drama seems to fit and if this is a docu-drama then it is certainly one of the first of its kind. † Stone recreated a lot of footage that was either lost or didnt exist in the first place. He painstakingly took the time to makeover Dealey Plaza into what it had looked like at the time. He used photographs of the event as reference to place people exactly where they had actually been and make them look exactly as they had. A four-square block area of downtown Dallas was restored to a 1960s look for an exact re-staging of events occurring on 22 November 1963 at the Texas School Book Depository, Dealey Plaza, and the now-historic grassy knoll area. Every known detail of the day and the assassination was authentically recreated, including placing vintage, mud-spattered automobiles in the Dealey Plaza area because it had rained in Texas during the morning of 22 November. â€Å"Hairstyles and clothing (short raincoats, narrow ties) worn by extras precisely matched those of old photographic images in history books, this obsession with detail is also carried out in the film when we are shown the assassination second-by-second, from countless perspectives, over and over again. This attention to the tiniest detail is much like the attention the event receives by the countless conspiracy theorists who have written many books on the subject covering all aspects of the event and the conspiracy buffs who read all these books to get every little detail possible. His recreated footage is sometimes in color and sometimes in black and white. It seems to follow the formula that what is a flashback is in black and white and what Stone sees as truth is in color. The Zapruder footage is in color so perhaps this is why Stone chose to portray what he thought to be truth in color. Scenes which are flashbacks and only alleged to happen are in black and white such as the scene where Guy Bannister pistol-whips his assistant. It is still confusing at best though, trying to determine what is real and what has been fabricated by Stone in this picture. Stone received so much flack from critics for this blurring of reality that he said â€Å"Id have avoided all this bullshit if I had said that this was fiction from the get-go. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, this film is one that creates a rich tapestry of characters, players, plots, scenarios and events that are both real and fictional. Stone creates for the audience a piece of Americana that will interest and enthrall audiences for a long time. This film brought issues to the big screen that were new and fresh and dealt with them in ways that were also new and fresh. Stones work is often controversial b ut always done with quality and integrity. Bibliography: Can Hollywood Solve JFK’s Murder?http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/can-hollywood-solve-jfk’s-murder/page/0/6 , accessed on 11/02/2014 Dr. Grover B. Proctor, Jr., The JFK Assassination, Oliver Stone’s JFK: A Historical Analysis, http://www.groverproctor.us/jfk/jfk91c.html, accessed on 10/02/2014 Frank Eugene Beaver, Oliver Stone: wakeup cinema, Twayne Publishers, February 1994 On the Trail of the Assassins, http://en.wikipedia.org/, accessed on 11/02/2014 Susan Mackey-Kallis, Oliver Stone’s America: â€Å"dreaming the myth outward†, Westview Press, May 22nd 1996 http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels, accessed on 10/02/2014

Raynair Business Model free essay sample

This year, Air Scoop is publishing an updated report on Ryanair’s Business Model, with a new task in mind. Starting from what was built last year, the 2011 Ryanair report has been conceived with a double objective in mind: to provide readers with a brief, compelling, synthesis of Ryanair’s business model and highlight new elements and evolutions in Ryanair’s skies. In no way is that report intended as a replacement of the one published last year, rather as a complement that should provide anyone interested in the European low-cost industry with a wealth of information on the market’s most important company. Conceptually, the 2011 report was elaborated along two different axis of analysis. In a first part, the report starts by taking a look at Ryanair’s revenues and expenses. According to the company itself, if Ryanair has grown so fast, it is thanks to an efficient mix of ever increasing sources of income and ever wider cost-cutting measures in all services. We will write a custom essay sample on Raynair Business Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For this reason, the 2011 report looks, item by item, at Ryanair’s cost-cutting, profit-maximising strategies. From the most discussed to the lesser known tactics, the goal is to show how Ryanair has managed and still manages to constantly extract increasing income from its passengers while maintaining rock-bottom prices, through a relatively complex fare system and a slew of ancillary services. The report also investigates Ryanair’s largely misunderstood relationship with its own assets and how the airline managed to practically neutralise costs usually associated with aircraft and human resources, even turning airports into direct sources of revenues. The second part of the report is dedicated to a more analytical approach of the airline’s structure, providing the reader with an analysis of what Air Scoop judges to be the three main strengths of the airline. Namely, Ryanair’s legal strategy, whose dominant feature is an extremely proactive stance towards anything even remotely menacing to the airline, deterring irate customers from engaging legal action and submerging European regulators with complaints. Second, and perhaps most important, is Ryanair’s financial structure itself, through which the airline has optimised every part of its business, taking advantage of varying legal and fiscal frameworks all around Europe. Third is the most visible, but also possibly the least understood, part of Ryanair’s package for success, its communication. The airline, mainly through its hyper-charismatic CEO, Michael O’Leary, has managed to be present in every form of media outlet almost daily. Whether it be in good or bad terms, Ryanair is being talked about, and gets into customers’ minds and on every newstand in Europe. The traditional pricing system means that â€Å"fundamentally, each flight must be paid for by exactly one fare, but a single fare may pay for more than one flight. Multiple fares may be combined to pay for all the flights in a journey. The airline industry uses the term fare component (FC) to refer to a fare and the flights it pays for (covers)†1. Fare components can be combined in six different geometric figures (ranging from direct trip to elaborate circle trip), any combination of one to four fare components qualifies as a â€Å"Priceable Unit† (PU). A ticket can be built from any number of priceable units to form a coherent sellable trip. Some more restrictions may apply such as rules indicating that there â€Å"must be a Saturday night between departure of first flight in first fare component of priceable unit and departure of first flight and last fare component†2. This results in an incredibly complex faring system in the traditional airline industry and low transparency for customers. Many low-cost carriers use a different pricing system. Because companies such as Ryanair rely on a point-to-point rather than a hub-and-spoke system, they cannot offer similarly connected flights. Ryanair has decided to turn this into an advantage and offer simply-priced â€Å"point A to point B† tickets, avoiding the hassle of elaborating complex ticket structures and allowing the company to deny any responsibility in a missed connection while having the opportunity to intensively utilise aircraft and crews.

Essay on Tax lecture2

Essay on Tax lecture2 Essay on Tax lecture2 1 Lecture 2: Residency and Employment income Selected parts of Chapters 1, 3 and 21 Web links are included to provide more information to those who are interested to learn more about particular topics Recommended exercises and self-study problems in chapter 3: Exercises 1-3, 8-9, 11-12, 14-16, Self-Study Problem 3-10: As you are not responsible for the standby charge (and the operating cost benefit, if any), you can assume that the standby charge is $4,871 (before taking into account any payments made by Ms. Firth to her employer) 2 Residency [ch. 1] 2.1 ITA 2 is the charging provision [1-77 to 1-90] It defines who the taxpayer is and what the base is = who is liable for tax on what taxable income For residents of Canada for tax purposes The base is worldwide taxable income in Division C of the Act For non-residents of Canada for tax purposes (you can't tax non-residents on worldwide income obviously because they are not Canadian.) The base is certain Canadian source taxable income in Division D of the Act if they were : employed in Canada, carried on a business in Canada, or disposed of a taxable Canadian property (e.g., Canadian real estate) at any time in the year or a previous year Read ITA 2(1), 2(2), 2(3) 2.2 Definitions [1-78] Person = individuals, corporations, and trusts Resident – unless an individual severs all significant residential ties with Canada upon leaving Canada You will be a resident of a country where you have the most residential ties (like 5 year contract as a teacher in Canada, so it is where your normal norm is, and where your family lives). Canadian residents are liable for Canadian income tax, without regard to their citizenship. In some cases you have multiple homes in different countries, and then you will have to go to court and decide which one is your norm home. Significant residential ties include: having a spouse or minor child in Canada; and having a home in Canada See also cra-arc.gc.ca/tx/nnrsdnts/cmmn/rsdncy-eng.html 2.3 Computation of Income [1-100 to 1-105] You don't have to memorize the subdivisions. 2.3.1 Division B of Part I of the Act- Computation of Net Income for Tax Purposes Taxable income = Net income for tax purposes minus Division C deductions Division B has subdivisions for each source of income: a = employment b = business or property c = taxable capital gains/allowable capital losses - In Canada only one half of capital gains are taxed, and only one half of capital losses are deductible. d = other income (e.g. spousal support received, pension income) e = other deductions (e.g. RRSP contributions, moving expenses, spousal support paid, child care expenses) If an amount received does not fall into one of these categories it is not part of net income for tax purposes. So it wouldn't be subject to federal income tax. 2.3.2 Computation of Income ITA 3 [1-106 to 1-126] See Fig 1-3 page 24 ITA 3 brings together all the different sources of income to form Net Income for Tax Purposes Taxable capital gain (TCG) = 1/2 of a capital gain Allowable capital loss (ACL) = 1/2 of a capital loss One key point in ITA 3 is that if allowable capital losses are greater than taxable capital gains, the allowable capital losses deducted in computing net income is limited to the taxable capital gains for the year Excess ACLs are available for deduction in other years (â€Å"carried over"). They can be carried back to the preceding three years and deducted against TCGs in those years (if any) and/or carried forward indefinitely and deducted against future TCGs. If not deducted before death, they can be deducted in the year of death (and the immediately preceding year) against any type of income See Example at 1-125 page 26 3 Income or Loss from Employment [ch. 3] 3.1 General Rules [3-1 to 3-6] ITA calculates income by source , so each source separately. For example, employment income is computed separately from business and property income and

A Brief Guide to Modernization Theory

A Brief Guide to Modernization Theory Modernization theory emerged in the 1950s as an explanation of how the industrial societies of North America and Western Europe developed. The theory argues that societies develop in fairly predictable stages through which they become increasingly complex. Development depends primarily on the importation of technology as well as a number of other political and social changes believed to come about as a result. Overview of Modernization Theory Social scientists, primarily of white European descent, formulated modernization theory during the mid-twentieth century. Reflecting on a few hundred years of history in North America and Western Europe, and taking a positive view of the changes observed during that time, they developed a theory that explains that modernization is a process that involves industrialization, urbanization, rationalization, bureaucracy, mass consumption, and the adoption of democracy. During this process, pre-modern or traditional societies evolve into the contemporary Western societies that we know today. Modernization theory holds that this process involves  increased availability and levels of formal schooling, and the development of mass media, both of which are thought to foster democratic political institutions. Through the process of modernization transportation and communication become increasingly sophisticated and accessible, populations become more urban and mobile, and the extended family declines in importance. Simultaneously, the importance of the individual in economic and social life increases and intensifies. Organizations become bureaucratic as the  division of labor  within society grows more complex, and as it is a process rooted in scientific and technological rationality,  religion declines in public life. Lastly, cash-driven markets take over as the primary mechanism through which goods and services are exchanged. As it is a theory conceptualized by Western social scientists, it is also one with a capitalist economy at its center. Cemented as valid within Western academia, modernization theory has long been used as a justification for implementing the same kinds of processes and structures in places all over the world that are considered under- or undeveloped as compared with Western societies. At its core are the assumptions that scientific progress, technological development and rationality, mobility, and economic growth are good things and are to be constantly aimed for. Critiques of Modernization Theory Modernization theory has had its critics from the start. Many scholars, often people of color and those from non-Western nations, have pointed out over the years that modernization theory fails to account for the way Western reliance on colonization, slave labor, and theft of land and resources provided the wealth and material resources necessary for the pace and scale of development in the West (see postcolonial theory for extensive discussions of this). It cannot be replicated in other places because of this, and it  should not  be replicated in this way. Others, like critical theorists including members of the Frankfurt School, have pointed out that Western modernization is premised on the extreme exploitation of workers within the capitalist system, and that the toll of modernization on social relations has been great, leading to widespread social alienation, a loss of community, and unhappiness. Still, others critique modernization theory for failing to account for the unsustainable nature of the project, in an environmental sense, and point out that pre-modern, traditional, and indigenous cultures typically had much more environmentally conscious and symbiotic relationships between people and the planet. Some point out that elements and values of traditional life need not be completely erased in order to achieve a modern society​ and point to Japan as an example.

Nature of Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nature of Philosophy - Essay Example According to Nash (2010), the nature of philosophy is the way people live and view the world. It points out clearly how people live a life without a god. Nash (2010) argues further that philosophy is a way of comprehending the world around us. This implies that its nature includes the ability to view something and interpret it into realities that make sense to us. Philosophy has a vital purpose to us. It helps us apprehend what world view is. We are able to attain a good understanding of our own world views. It guides us to improve our own ways of viewing the world. Philosophy makes us become familiar with world view of others. We are able to know that world views are different. For instance, our world view as students differs with those of Plato and Socrates (Nash 2010). Philosophy has a great response to the ultimate questions in the world. It provides possible solutions to the ultimate causes in the world. It also explains the purpose of existence of human beings. This implies that the study of philosophy will help us comprehend who we are. Finally, it assists us to adapt to our world. Finally, Philosophy plays a major in recognizing people’s values in the world. It does not take sides. Instead, it provides a space for all manner of thinking. It serves the purpose like that of the chief judge in a government. This means that it listens, comprehends and analyzes all circumstances in a given situation. Discussion of the World Views World view contains people’s answers to key questions in life. It is a systematic roadmap with an individual’s beliefs. It has factual views of life and the globe. Many views of the world lack consistency. Therefore, few of them are complete with a systematic steadiness. It is a vital thing to attain a high awareness of world view. World view helps others to understand their own world views. We can also aid them accomplish a systematic and consistent world view. This implies that a world view is a scheme consisting of our fundamental beliefs. Through it, we are able to judge and interpret our realities. It is fundamen tal to note that world view operates in a similar way the eyeglasses work. For instance, the right eyeglass has the capability to put the planet into a clear focal point. Therefore, the world view can also perform the same duty of eyeglass. This also implies that when people view the world imperfectly, reality does not make sense to them. This means that it is of essence to view the world with the right world view framework. It will impact positive consequences on people’s way of thinking and acting (Nash 2010). Components of World View Beliefs about God Any world view has a vital element. A world view differs greatly over basic questions about God. For instance, is there God? What is His nature? Is God a human being? And who created God? These conflicting views result to inconsistent world views. This is because different world view systems have diversified world views concerning God. For instance, the Hinduism and Buddhism differ from the Judaism and Christianity about the beliefs of God. Therefore, the view of God is an important component of World view. Ultimate Reality World view entails of solutions to questions about the universe. For instance, the world view responds to questions like: Who created the world? What is the main purpose of the world? Will the universe be destroyed finally? Is the universe spiritual, material or something different? These questions do not take place in most people. But anyone reading Ronald’s book of ultimate Questions of life will think about them. They will hold beliefs about some of them (2010). Theory of Knowledge People in the world strongly hold to this belief of epistemology. They have different opinions once they are asked about the possibility of the knowledge about the world. They will always provide no and yes answers. Some of the key questions in relation to epistemology are: Can we really trust our own senses? What are the main

Stress in the Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stress in the Workplace - Research Paper Example They have achieved it on the cost of their personal and social life. The urge to remain employed has caused the employees to endorse the culture of work-life imbalance. The whole effort of the employees is concentrated at increasing the productivity. Since the time is limited, employees have no option but to sacrifice their private life for the work. This is the reason why employees do not find time to spend with the family. While on one hand, this is distorting the employees’ relations with their families, on the other hand, it is also affecting their performance as continued work without breaks and rest declines an individual’s mental and physical efficiency. In addition to that, the ones who have managed to remain employed have been assigned the job responsibilities of the employees that have been terminated, which has essentially increased the work load for the remaining employees manifolds. Since the effects of economic recession are not limited to the workplace, t he employees have to deal with the inflation and increased rates of things of everyday use. There is so much to purchase in a very limited salary, that an employee always runs short of money. Consequences of Stress Stress in the workplace is one of the most important causes of increase in employees’ depression and anxiety. Some employees have been stressed to the point that they have attempted suicide. â€Å"[Employees] come to work and tell a manager or colleague that they are thinking of harming themselves. They are texting, calling, instant-messaging. Or they’ll disclose they’ve made an attempt. Some have even tried to kill themselves at work† (LeBlanc cited in Mirza, 2012). Stress in the workplace has distorted the employees’ relations with the family members, particularly with the spouses. Employees are not able to meet the financial demands of the family, which not only makes them feel derogated in their own eyes, but also makes the family me mbers unhappy with them. Particularly the housewives are not aware of the magnitude of stress the husbands go through, and thus expect them to be spending to much. The increasing tension between many couples because of the workplace-caused stress has led them to the point of divorce. â€Å"The challenges [of mental illness] are enormous to society because of the high cost for both individuals and employees. People suffering from mental health disorders are also having trouble finding and holding onto jobs† (Singh cited in Skrzypinski, 2012). This also has many negative implications for the employers. Productivity of the distressed employees declines which incurs additional costs to the employers. This is termed as â€Å"presenteeism†; a phenomenon wherein employees are present at work but too preoccupied, distressed, and/or lost to display optimal productivity. Ways to Deal with Employees’ Stress Stress among employees in the workplace imparts a need for the man agers to be very prudent and responsible in their interaction and dealing with the employees. Managers can do a lot to regulate the stress in the employees as managers assume top positions in the hierarchy of the organization structure and are thus a source of hope and inspiration for the employees. There are certain measures that a manager needs to take when approaching a worried employee. Rather than asking the

Work Experience Report Essay Example for Free

Work Experience Report Essay After I finished my AS level exams, I knew I wanted to do chemical engineering, so I asked my dad to get me a place where I can learn a little about it and luckily my dad knew Mr. Manoj Shah who is the owner of Osho Chemical Industries Ltd. So I went there on the 03/12/2012 to get some experience. I met the product development manager Mr. Harish Tolia who guided us throughout and took care of us while we were there. DAY 1 On this day, we were introduced to the work place. We were shown the whole industry and given a brief discussion on what we were going to learn on the next few days. DAY 2 We started off with simple formulations. We did the formulations of tea as it is an everyday use. So we learnt how each ingredient is used and the way its quantity used is very important for the taste, quality and pricing. After looking at tea, we looked at other examples and did some analysis on how some variations in quantity affect the end product. DAY 3 We looked at processes on this day. We learnt how each ingredient is processed. But we stuck to the tea example. We discussed its process. Like we start with boiling the water, then adding the tea leaves (making sure how strong you want it), then masala and then sugar according to the taste preference and then pouring it in the cup. Then we went around the industry looking at different processes. Like for the mosquito killer (moss-kill) we saw how the dough was made into rings and then packed in small packets, then boxes. Also saw how liquids were processed. This was done through computer so it was all automatic. DAY 4 On this day we looked at the equipments. We saw different types of stirrers (single and double mixers), ones used for powder. Then we also looked at their custom made mixers that stir both upwards and downwards forcing them to be mixed very thoroughly. Apart from mixers, we saw how each equipment plays a role in the processing. Conveyor belts help to move the processed item to the next station. (e.g. One equipment pours the liquid in the container, the next covers the container with a cap, the next places a label around it, then a box is used to put all the containers in one and the lorry is then used to transport the goods to their location.

Essay -- Papers

Contrasts in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a famous romantic drama written by William Shakespeare containing many contrasts within it, portraying the eponymous lovers’ everlasting love for one another. The conflict between the two families; the Montagues and the Capulets makes it almost impossible for them to be together. The play consists of romance and humour building up to the climax of Romeo and Juliet’s death. In the play we are first introduced to the servants Sampson and Gregory, from the Montague household, who have a similar lifestyle to the servants in the Capulet household, who are trying to keep up the reputation of the families. The Capulet household are holding a party where the servants are busy getting food, drinks and decoration ready, whereas Lord and Lady Capulet live the life of luxury where they simply think about marriage, money and parties. In the film we see that the servants are dressed down in black tatty clothing while the upper class people; the masters are wearing bright elaborate clothing. In Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann’s interpretations of the play, they show this because they wanted to emphasise the status between higher and lower social people. The dark clothes also represent the darker days and shows that the servants are emotionally sad, but the masters are expressively happy. The language of the servants compared to the masters is very different. The servants are illiterate and not educated; however, the masters are highly educated and very posh, they can afford schooling, whereas the servants could not. Shakespeare shows this when the servant spea... ...her innocence, beauty and purity. Tybalt is a devil because he is likes to fight, he is evil, seeking trouble and devious. Paris is an astronaut who is rich, successful and out of this planet representing why he is the right person for Juliet to get married to. Lord and Lady Capulet are king and queen of Verona Beach and dress up as Marc Anthony/Julius Caesar and Cleopatra who also die in a similar way to Romeo and Juliet. This play is full of many opposites and contrasts: love and hate, peace and conflict, young and old. It is all mainly to do with historical, cultural and social context. The play sadly ended with the two star-crossed lovers having to give their life for their families to end their fighting. Romeo and Juliet end with these words: â€Å"For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo†.

John Stuart Mill and Women’s Movement Essay

John Stuart Mill was born in London in 1806. He became renowned as an economist, a writer, a philosopher and senior personnel in the East India Company (EIC). John Stuart Mill rendered much of his life time to a prominent activist working for women’s rights and movements. The Beginning The history which links Mill to the feminist movement dates back to the year 1851 when he married to a widow named Harriet Taylor and got settled in Blackheath Park. This place is said to be his spot from where a number of influential writings that advocated women’s right were written, which subsequently became popular worldwide. The Victorian Women’s Movement in England is also said to reach to this very place of Mill in the hope of counseling, headship and financial assistance (Sunshine for Women, 2003). Mill started working for the women’s cause after getting married to Taylor. As a matter of fact, he had to be subtle in participating in reform movements while being a member of the EIC. This is the reason he had to use his pen to work for the purpose. Mill retired from the East India Company in 1858. The first popular writing that he have with his name was written in 1860 and 1861 entitled as The Subjection of Women, which he did not give to publish as yet (Sunshine for Women, 2003). The Breakthrough In the year 1865, Mill was asked to stand at one of the positions for the parliament, the offer which was readily accepted by him. The agreement was basically, on the basis of the platform’s top most agenda as to give women rights to vote along with other equality rights. Following Mill’s enthusiasm for the cause and seeing his participation, different other women’s rights organizations approached him for his support. In due course, a Ladies Discussion Group carried out a poll asking its members if they thought it right for the women to participate in the public affairs. To their surprise, all the women members consented with this. Such an overwhelming response made Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon, a leading early nineteenth century feminist and educationist, take a daring step. She suggested at par to build a suffrage society. Unfortunately, this step could not be carried out at that point in time because other contemporary activists were also afraid of extremists’ actions against the idea. However, Mill was courageous enough to support this idea once it was made certain that a Reform Bill would be put forward to the Parliament. He asked Bodichon to get more than hundred signatures in support of the petition. The stride proved to be quite successful and Bodichon was able to bring around 1,500 signatures following the formation of the first ever Women’s Suffrage Committee. Subsequently, when Mill put forth the petition after almost a eyear in 1866, the Bill was passed and the agenda of having women’s suffrage was incorporated in the parliament. Despite many hurdles, Mill’s one another daring step towards the cause was to make an amendment in the clause that dealt with property qualifications. He proposed to substitute the word ‘man’ with ‘person’ (Sunshine for Women, 2003). Nevertheless, at that point in time, the amendment was defeated with a larger number of votes against it. Unfortunately, this committee did not live very long and was dissolved with the dissolution and reformation of the bill as well. But, the women and Mill’s support did not end here and Mill’s wife along with other women members of the committee succeeded in creating a whole new organization which they named as London National Women’s Suffrage Society (Sunshine for Women, 2003). Mill’s leadership led him to become the honorary president of this very organization. At this moment, this organization needed something in written to disseminate among their members and among the external public. Mill felt a dire need to make his writings public and thus his The Subjection of Women got published and it saw gaining popularity worldwide being translated into a number of languages. Most importantly, this piece of writing was only of its kinds to be present on such a topic until World War 1 (Sunshine for Women, 2003). This step certainly, proved to be a milestone in women’s movement in that era. Subjection Mill’s Subjection remained a limelight for decades whenever women’s movement and feministic approach was talked about. What he wrote in it was women’s persistent low-leveled position which was in a constant struggle to rise. His writings show his sensitivity towards the issue as he talked about the prevalent attitude of the society towards a patriarchal system while subjugating women’s very existence. Subjection also talks about how women’s existence could be kept on exploiting once the society does not follow the norms of equality and justices. The comprehensive book also gets the reputation of advocating how terrible domestic violence is and could prove to be. However, it voices that the right to vote granted to women is only the first step towards a series of obligations that should be followed to treat them as equal beings (Mill, 2003). Conclusion All in all, analyzing John Stuart Mill’s life we can conclude that he got depression and physical ailment at a much younger age, but his intellect was far above those of his contemporary men. He thought and spoke high of women and worked for the feminist movement as much as his health granted him to. References Mill, J. S. (2003). On Liberty and Other Writings. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Sunshine for Women. (2003, February n. d. ). John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). August 2, 2010, from www. pinn. net

Skiing Essay

A Day On The Slopes It’s not just for the wealthy anymore! Skiing has been getting more popular recently. People have the free time and money to go skiing more than ever. This is a downfall for somebody who has never skied and wants to be a part of the fun. There is a series of simple steps to complete before one can achieve their best at skiing. From proper attire, to the way you carve down the mountain, it boils down to a few critical steps. If these steps are completed there is nothing holding anybody back from being a successful skier.Lets start off with the basics; I always start by packing pajamas so I have a warm base layer. Then a long T-shirt, followed by a warm pair of socks to keep those toes warm. Socks might be the most crucial part since they will be buckled into ski boots the entire day. Next comes a jacket, ski pants, goggles and a preferably a helmet. If it is windy out, or if you are sensitive to cold air then think about wearing a ski mask to keep the facial area warm. This should cover the basic attire for a day on the slopes. Once you have all your gear set, its time to pick a trail.Now, there are four main types of trails; green circle, blue square, black diamond and then double black diamond. The green circle is the easiest trail and is recommended for beginners, but if a skier is feeling confident they should take their skills onto the blue squares on the mountain. These blue square trails will challenge a first time skier and push them to their full potential. There are a few types of specialty trails that beginners might want to watch out for. Trails called â€Å"glades† are narrow paths in the woods.These trails are made for experienced skiers, and this is where you can find some of the best conditions on a mountain. The next kind of trail to watch for is a terrain park. These trails are made famous for their massive ski jumps and handrails for skiers to â€Å"grind† on. For skiers wanting that extra excitement ou t of their trip might want to consider the terrain park. Now that the trail has been chosen, the subsequent step is to get down the mountain. When descending, keep two things in mind at all times, pizza and French fries.One might find this out of context but it has substantial effect on your speed and safety going down the mountain. Pizza refers to the shape that skis make when in the â€Å"slowing down position. † The tips of the skis will configure to make a triangle, a pizza slice like shape. This position is the safest way for a new skier to slow down. French fry denotes when skis are parallel. This style can be used when on a straightaway or when in full control. Be carful when utilizing the â€Å"French fry,† because speed can get the best of a skier in this position.Skiing is a peaceful activity, and when done correctly can be the best time of somebody’s life. One must consider a basic checklist of supplies to bring on a ski trip so they can make the most out of their experience. Knowing the trails is also crucial; nothing is better than being prepared. It takes some time to get passed the French fry and pizza phase of skiing, but beginners will catch on quickly if practiced with discipline. If all of these steps are correctly completed a new skier will be having a very memorable understanding of the ski slopes.

choice and chance essays

choice and chance essays In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet there are many instances in which choice and chance play a key part in what occurs in the play. If these chances were not taken or by chance did not occur maybe Romeo and Juliet would have escaped to Mantua. Although in the end their course was predetermined, it could have been altered in many different sections. To start, Romeo had many choices to make. In turn they all went against him and resulted in his death. But what if he had not married Juliet and still moped for Rosaline? Would Romeo and Juliet be a great literary work, or a dull story about a young man that is not worthy of the paper on which it is printed? Romeo was a good friend to most. Unless, of course, your name is Mercutio. Why did Romeo step in and stop his duel with Tybalt? If he had kept to himself than maybe Mercutio would be banished for killing Tybalt, and not Romeo. Would Romeo and Juliets marriage have ended the long feud then, or would this be to no avail? Juliet made a life or death choice in going to the friar about her ailing soul. If she did not go to see the friar than maybe she would have used the dagger and killed herself that night. Would Romeo have gone to see Juliet at the tomb? Would Romeo have killed Paris then? Or would he run into him on the way to the Capulets Tomb again? Would the Friar have come clean with the two families or would he have kept his little secrets that lead to the deaths of two star-crossed lovers? All of these choices were made and greatly impacted the Chance is the risk we take in judging what we think will be the right decision. Romeo took many chances throughout the play. Such as, when he decided to go to the Capulet ball. If he were discovered he could be killed, or challenged to a duel. By chance, Tybalt heard his voice and alerted Lord Capulet of the intruders. Luckily enough Lord Cap ...

USS Colorado (BB-45) in World War II

USS Colorado (BB-45) in World War II The fifth and final class  of Standard-type battleship  (Nevada, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and Tennessee) designed for the US Navy, the Colorado-class was an evolution of its predecessors.   Devised prior to the building of the Nevada-class, the Standard-type concept called for vessels that had similar operational and tactical traits. This would allow all battleship units in the fleet to operate together without concern for issues of speed and turning radius. As the Standard-type ships were intended to be the backbone of the fleet, earlier dreadnought classes ranging from the South Carolina- to the New York-classes were increasingly moved to secondary duties.   Among the characteristics found in the Standard-type battleships were the use of oil-fired boilers instead of coal and the employment of an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"all or nothing† armor arrangement.   This protection scheme called for important areas of the battleship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less critical spaces were left unarmored. It also saw the armored deck in each ship raised a level so that its edge was in line with the main armor belt. In terms of performance, Standard-type battleships were to possess a tactical turn radius of 700 yards or less and a minimum top speed of 21 knots.    Design Though largely identical to the preceding Tennessee-class, the Colorado-class instead carried eight 16 guns in four twin turrets as opposed to the earlier ships which mounted twelve 14 guns in four triple turrets. The US Navy had been discussing the use of 16 guns for several years and following successful tests of the weapon, debate ensued regarding their use on the earlier Standard-type designs. This did not occur due to the cost involved in altering these designs and increasing their tonnage to accommodate the new guns.   In 1917, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels finally authorized the use of 16 guns on the condition that the new class not incorporate any other major design changes. The Colorado-class also mounted a secondary battery of twelve to fourteen 5 guns and an anti-aircraft armament of four 3 guns.    As with the Tennessee-class, the Colorado-class utilized eight oil-fired Babcock Wilcox water-tube boilers supported by a turbo-electric transmission for propulsion. This type of transmission was preferred as it allowed the vessels turbines to operate at optimum speed regardless of how fast the ships four propellers were turning. This led to an increase in fuel efficiency and improved the ships overall range. It also permitted a greater subdivision of the vessels machinery which enhanced its ability to withstand torpedo strikes. Construction The lead ship of the class, USS Colorado (BB-45) commenced construction at New York Shipbuilding Corporation in Camden, NJ on May 29, 1919. Work progressed on the hull and on March 22, 1921, it slid down the ways with Ruth Melville, daughter of Colorado Senator Samuel D. Nicholson, serving as sponsor. Following another two years of work, Colorado reached completion and entered commission on August 30, 1923, with Captain Reginald R. Belknap in command. Finishing its initial shakedown, the new battleship conducted a European cruise which saw it visit Portsmouth, Cherbourg, Villefranche, Naples, and Gibraltar before returning to New York on February 15, 1924. Overview: Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, NJLaid Down:  May  29, 1919Launched:  March  22, 1921Commissioned:  August 20, 1923Fate:  Sold for scrap Specifications (as built) Displacement:  32,600  tonsLength:  624  ft., 3 in.Beam:  97  ft., 6 in.Draft:  38  ft.Propulsion:  Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  21  knotsComplement:  1,080  men Armament (as built) 8 Ãâ€" 16  in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 2)12  Ãƒâ€" 5 in. guns8 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes Interwar Years Undergoing routine repairs,  Colorado  received orders to sail for the West Coast on July 11.   Reaching San Francisco in mid-September, the battleship joined the Battle Fleet. Operating with this force for the next several years,  Colorado  engaged in a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand in 1925. Two years later, the battleship ran aground on Diamond Shoals off Cape Hatteras. Held in place for a day, it was eventually refloated with minimal damage. A year later, it entered the yard for enhancements to its anti-aircraft armament. This saw the removal of the original 3 guns and the installation of eight 5 guns. Resuming peacetime activities in the Pacific,  Colorado  periodically shifted to the Caribbean for exercises and aided the victims of an earthquake in Long Beach, CA in 1933. Four years later, embarked a contingent of NROTC students from the University of Washington and the University of California-Berkeley for a summer training cruise. While operating off Hawaii, the cruise was interrupted when Colorado was ordered assist in search efforts following the disappearance of Amelia Earhart. Arriving in the Phoenix Islands, the battleship launched scout planes but could not locate the famed pilot. Arriving in Hawaiian waters for Fleet Exercise XXI in April 1940,  Colorado  remained in the area until June 25, 1941 when it departed for Puget Sound Navy Yard. Entering the yard for a major overhaul, it was there when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7. World War II Returning to active operations on March 31, 1942,  Colorado  steamed south and later joined USS  Maryland  (BB-46) to aid in the defense of the West Coast. Training through the summer, the battleship shifted to Fiji and the New Hebrides in November. Operating in this vicinity until September 1943,  Colorado  then returned to Pearl Harbor  to prepare for the invasion of the Gilbert Islands. Sailing in November, it made its combat debut by providing fire support for the landings on  Tarawa. After aiding troops ashore,  Colorado  traveled to the West Coast for a brief overhaul. Arriving back in Hawaii in January 1944, it sailed for the Marshall Islands on the 22nd.   Reaching Kwajalein,  Colorado  pounded Japanese positions ashore and aided in the invasion of the island  before fulfilling a similar role off Eniwetok. Overhauled at Puget Sound that spring, Colorado departed on May 5 and joined Allied forces in preparing for the Marianas Campaign. Beginning on June 14, the battleship commenced striking targets on Saipan, Tinian, and Guam. Supporting the landings on Tinian on July 24, Colorado sustained 22 hits from Japanese shore batteries which killed 44 of the ships crew.   Despite this damage, the battleship continued to operate against the enemy until August 3. Departing, it underwent repairs on the West Coast before rejoining the fleet for operations against Leyte. Arriving in the Philippines on November 20, Colorado provided naval gunfire support for Allied troops ashore. On November 27, the battleship took two kamikaze hits which killed 19 and wounded 72. Though damaged, Colorado struck targets on Mindoro in early December before withdrawing to Manus for repairs. With the completion of this work, Colorado steamed north to cover the landings in Lingayen Gulf, Luzon on January 1, 1945.   Nine days later, friendly fire struck the battleships superstructure killing 18 and injuring 51. Retiring to Ulithi, Colorado next saw action in late March as it hit targets on Okinawa prior to the Allied invasion. Holding a position offshore, it continued to attack Japanese targets on the island until May 22 when it departed for Leyte Gulf. Returning to Okinawa on August 6, Colorado moved north later in the month following the end of hostilities. After covering the landing of occupation forces at Atsugi Airfield near Tokyo, it sailed for San Francisco. Following a brief visit, Colorado moved north to participate in Navy Day festivities at Seattle.   Final Actions Ordered to take part in Operation Magic Carpet, Colorado made three voyages to Pearl Harbor to transport American servicemen home. In the course of these trips, 6,357 men returned to the United States aboard the battleship. Moving to Puget Sound, Colorado left commission on January 7, 1947.   Retained in reserve for twelve years, it was sold for scrap on July 23, 1959.

Aristotle on property and family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristotle on property and family - Essay Example According to the theories of Socrates, there should be no private property in the ideal community. Aristotle had a different point of view on this issue. He supposed that women and children belong to some male individuals and therefore can also be referred to as property. It is possible to imagine what will happen if all citizens would have the right to use the wives and children of each other. Aristotle has limited the sharing of property to several cases which would bring the benefits to the state. For example, he explained when the soil can be common (Lear 214-215): (1) the soil can be common and the products from it can be used for common consumption; (2) the soil can be common only if it is cultivated in common and the products are divided among the individuals for the private purposes. Aristotle has made one important point which makes it clear that common sharing of goods will not be beneficial for the state. When people share equally all of the benefits, those who labor much will always be dissatisfied with those who labor less but receive the same reward. As Aristotle has noted, it has been always very difficult for the men to have all human relations in common.

HR external consultant recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HR external consultant recommendation - Essay Example The HR Director has reservations about the transferability of the HR systems from an American context to the EU legislation, cultural and HR aspects. There are also concerns regarding the induction process for the expatriate workers. This paper aims at discussing the problems that Fantasia Corp will be anticipating in the process of implementing an HR system developed in the US in France. This paper will also give suggestions on how Fantasia Corp can overcome these challenges. In the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the rate in which business organizations opt for global operations. Going for global markets present companies with more opportunities. Similarly, Fantasia Corp has also opted to expand their operations to Europe, with France being their targeted country. Recent researches reveal that organizations operating in different geographical environments usually have to operate under different HR practices and policies (Festing 2012, p. 43). This is due to the difference in social, political, cultural, and economic factors. Just like many other managerial practices, HRM is always affected by cultural beliefs. This is a factor that multinational corporations must take into consideration when intending to transfer some of their HR practices and policies to another country. Some of the practices that are socially allowed in America might not be admissible in France. This is a clear indication that some of the practices that have been successfully used by Fantasia Corp in the US might not be applicable in France. Therefore transferring the HR system used by Fantasia Corp in the US to France might have some performance consequences of their operations in France. HR researches have it that multinational corporations such as Fantasia Corp have to adapt to a certain degree to the cultural beliefs and practices of a host country. It should not be forgotten that in their operations

Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissertation - Essay Example In addition, each of the three major articles is assigned three minor literature sources that compare and contrast the main ideas presented in the major articles. These articles are analysed below focusing on their value for achieving the objectives of the proposed study. The first article is that of Siddhanta and Roy (2010). The specific article focuses on the relationship between employee engagement and productivity. The examination and the evaluation of this relationship is one of the study’s objectives. The article has been considered as important for the proposed study because of the following reasons: a) it helps to explore one of the study’s objectives, meaning especially the involvement of employee engagement in enhancing productivity in institutions; b) it presents a thorough analysis of the role of engagement within modern organizations. Also, engagement, as a concept, is explained in the context of its relationship with different aspects of the organization, such as ‘productivity, profitability and customer satisfaction’ (Siddhanta and Roy, 2010, p. 172). In all institutional settings, performance measure is specifically important because it is the direct reflection of what the turnover, output or productivity levels of the institution would be. Again, human resource managers and other leaders of institutions and organisations find it prudent to measure performance because it is the only means by which they can assess whether or not they are having the needed returns made in the investments they make in enhancing human capital. Again as reflected in the topic, employee engagement is a very important means of achieving performance. It is therefore a step in the right direction that an index such as the employee engagement index be used in measuring performance. Once this balance is done, the implication is that there will be the avenue to assess each employee as a singular stakeholder for growth and development for the organ isation. The index could thus be considered effective because it offers individualised assessment on employee performance. Barret (2012) puts forth an argument that sharply disagrees with the notion elucidated by Siddahanta and Roy (2010), which puts much emphasis on short term turnover profitability and productivity as the best way to judge the effectiveness of the employee engagement model. In his opinion, employee engagement should be seen as a medium term or a long term strategic change plan rather than a short term one. To this end, the author strongly hold the view that there are many companies who have failed to realize the essence and individual talents of their employees because they dismiss them after one or two years of engagement with no massive returns on the financial books. Contrary to such an attitude, the writer posits that the whole system of organizational change the leads to fatter turnovers grinds slower and so Siddahanta and Roy (2010) cannot be right in their judgment of the output of employee engagement as short term turnover profitability. On their parts, Stringer (2007) and Ulrich (2004) refuse to welcome the debates of the first two writers whether the debate is taken from a short term basis or from a long term basis. Together, the two new writers hold the idea that as much as employee engagement index could be an excellent way to measure performance it is totally out of place to make financial turnover the major focus of the resulting index. In the

Transformational Leadership in Teaching

Transformational Leadership in Teaching This paper is a discussion of possible data collection and analysis methods that could be used to address an inquiry into the effectiveness of novice teachers who use transformational leadership style to manage their classrooms. It is arranged in the following order. Possible abstract, introductory statement, research aims methodology and techniques, researcher position, theoretical framework, research questions, research design data collection, data analysis and states the significance of the study before finally concluding. Abstract The proposed study is an investigation of the effectiveness of beginner teachers in the area of classroom management using transformational leadership style in Zambia. It will adopt a qualitative method and a narrative inquiry approach premised on the fact that the researchers intention is to gain is to gain understanding, give a description and analysis of the stories/narratives of novice teachers (participants).Qualitative data collection methods will take the form of surveys, observations and in-depth interviews while the analysis will comprise data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions (Miles and Huberman,1994). The proposed study intends to use a sample of ten(10) novice teachers in three (3) in three (5) public high schools in Lusaka province during a two (2) months period. It is expected that variability in participants will be maximized by this sample in terms of work area and backgrounds thereby bringing out rich in-depth understanding of beginner teachers experiences in classroom management. The proposed study will contribute to knowledge in the area of effective ways of managing classrooms not only among novice teachers but in the entire education fraternity by illuminating best practices. Introduction That classroom management is a fundamental concern among pre-service, beginner and practicing teachers, and is a topical issue in professional practice literature, school staff rooms including in the media is undisputed (Mc Cormick, 1997).It is an essential ingredient in the attainment of maximum instructional time which has potential to positively impact the outcomes of learning. The effectiveness of instruction is contingent upon teachers abilities to manage and organize the behavior of students. Substantial research suggest that one of the key challenges encountered by novice teachers in achieving the teaching objectives in the classroom is managing order (Cothrane et al.,..) Novice teachers experience struggles with classroom management that negatively impacts student learning (Buckman, 2009, p.5) owing to the detachment between what they learn during training and what they actually experience in practice in line with maintaining order in the classroom. Koki (2000) states that be ginning teachers particularly face difficulties in managing their classrooms and often struggle to apportion adequate instructional time as most of their attention is channeled at handling disruptive tendencies and behavior. It becomes necessary for teachers to work towards consciously organizing and maintaining an enabling learning atmosphere for all learners. Buckman (2009) argues that the process of managing the classroom should be altered and evaluated depending on the need. As such, the importance of teachers having forceful classroom management skills to enhance nurturing and successfully excel in their professions cannot be over emphasized, a minimal number of teachers are proficient in this domain. The persistence of beginner teachers in the teaching career is influenced and determined by their ability to effectively manage their classrooms (Ingersoll and Smith,2003).Unfortunately, many novice teachers struggle to control and maintain discipline among their learners (Koki,2000) which often culminates into developing stress and decreased energy or burn out in the early years of teaching. Hafock (2006) claims that many new teachers quit teaching during the first five years owing to frustrations with classroom and behavior management challenges. Accordingly, Kariuki (2009) observed that teachers require sustainable effective and efficient procedures, regulations and routines carefully planned and managed if instruction time is to be maximized and a reduction on time spent on behavior management. The proposed study will explore the practices, experiences and beliefs of 18 beginner teachers meeting the criteria (defined by the researcher) for being effective and successful classroom managers. Research Aims The proposed study aims to develop theory about the effectiveness of novice high school teachers. The questions that will guide the research are transformational leadership style. Methodology and data collection techniques Qualitative data collection methods will take the form of surveys, observations and in-depth interviews while the analysis will comprise data reduction (text analysis and coding), data display (identification and coding of emerging themes) and verification and drawing (Interpretation). In order to truly gauge the success of an inquiry based on human experience, it is appropriate for me to utilize the traits listed as qualitative research working directly with teachers to unearth their beliefs, practices and experiences .According to Hatch (2002)good qualitative researchers understand the world from the perspectives of those living in it (P.2).Qualitative research going by Merriam et al.,(2000) is premised on the idea that meaning is constructed socially by individuals through interactions in their social world and the meaning it has for them is considered an interpretive qualitative approach(pp.3-4) which is applicable for this proposed study. A qualitative inductive framework will enable explore the participants world in their naturalistic setting.

The Subject of Race in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

The Subject of Race in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness In 1899 Joseph Conrad published a short work of fiction called Heart of Darkness. This novella is often read, discussed, criticized in literature programs throughout the world. It is a work that allows us to tackle a variety of topics, and is therefore responded to in a variety of ways. The work itself as one critic puts it â€Å"might most usefully be considered hyper-canonized† (Padmini â€Å"Why† 104). The work is taught beyond the realm of a normal work in the literature program. Many forms of criticism have taken on the subject matter within the book. Feminism, psycho-analytic, Marxism have all had things to say about the novella. They’ve discussed things such as imperialism, the psychology of Marlow and Kurtz, the role of women in the novella (both literally and symbolically), all these issues are important topics in the novella. For a long time, however one crucial issue in the work was not addressed, that of race. It was not until 1975 when Chinua Achebe gave his famous lecture, â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness† that the issue of race was tackled head on in Conrad’s work. It is this lecture that has become the cornerstone of writing and criticism of Heart of Darkness. It would be hard to find an essay since then that doesn’t in some way discuss or acknowledge Achebe’s essay. Even critic’s who do not use take into account historical or auto-biographical details of a work, such as Miller, have written responses to Achebe. In Miller’s essay â€Å"Should we read Heart of Darkness† he discusses, in his own way, the essence of Achebe’s argument that the novella should not be read because of it’s racist undertones. On critic has even gone on to say that Achebe’s essay has become a work included in the literature canon. The lecture given at the University of Massachusetts in early 1975 was published as an essay in The Massachusetts Review, and later republished in The Norton Critical Edition Heart of Darkness. Achebe’s main theme within the essay is â€Å"the need—in Western psychology to set up Africa as a foil to Europe† (â€Å"Image† 252). Within the context of this theme he goes on to criticize what he considers a work of â€Å"permanent literature†, Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.

How important is the role of complementary therapies and medicines within a modern health service?

Illustrate your answer with examples and, where possible, consider the impact that the growth of such remedies has had on attitudes within both the general public and the medical profession. Over the last decade peoples opinions towards medicine have changed, this has made a lot of people consider alternative treatment for illnesses, which before hand they would have been seen as witch craft. Nowadays it is more socially acceptable and is used more widely to treat illnesses or used just as a relaxation method. When investigating any form of medical treatment, whether that be CAM or scientific medicine we need to be asking questions; Is it effective? Is it safe? How is it regulated? People still make assumptions about complementary therapies, that it is outside the NHS so there is no regulating body to protect the clients or the practitioners, this is true for many areas but with continuing research and the need for more funding I believe that it will gain the recognition that it deserves, and this will open the door for more regulatory bodies to become mandatory. When people say that it is outside â€Å"conventional† medical training, this can be true but many practitioners of complementary therapy train for many years degree level, and there are 20 universities which offer degrees in Complementary Medicine, however there are some people who just decide to practice without any form of training and I believe that these are the people who misuse and harm the ideology of complementary therapies. Is it safe? I believe it is safe as long as you go to a reputable practitioner, who would normally have been trained to degree level and has taken out insurance for their clinic. One good point to argue is that it is natural, and with GP's not wanting to continually prescribe for example antibiotics this is a natural way to treat illnesses without chemical use of tablets. Is it effective?, this has got to be the most crucial question that needs to be answered, practitioners of Complementary Medicine believe that when using therapeutic intervention is effective if it influences the course of a disease in a patient in a beneficial way. When assessing if it effective in treating disease then you would need to compare without any other treatment, as this is very rarely possible then it is hard to gain evidence to support this question fully. Within are lessons we conducted a survey which asked people if they had used Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), we also asked them whether they considered it to work and if they was referred by their GP or went privately and had to pay themselves. Every person took 10 copies to be filled in by their families and friends then all the data totalling 114 people was collated together, the results indicated that very few people were referred by their GP, but many people said that it worked successfully. The results of this survey are attached to this essay. The most commonly used CAM therapies are: * Acupuncture * Chiropractic * Osteopathy * Homeopathy * Herbal medicine * Massage Therapy There are also many other CAM therapies available, examples of these are, Reflexology, Hypnotherapy, Aromatherapy, Reiki, and Faith or spiritual healing. All of these methods people can find easy access to, if however, they are willing to pay, due to the lack of GP's who have the funding or believe that it will work, I will talk about this more later. Acupuncture originates from the Far Eastern countries and has been practised there for thousands of years, although many practitioners provide a Western form of medical Acupuncture, which is based on modern understanding involving the body's nervous system. Osteopathy and Chiropractic are both highly recommended therapies and seem to be the only two who have their own regulatory councils and gives the name ‘primary care practitioners' to those who carry out the service. Osteopathy is used to treat any age group and it uses soft tissue massage, stretching and manipulation separation techniques, which helps to treat spinal pain, mus cle or joint pain or sports related injuries. Chiropractors treat the nervous system and improving skeletal movement, they also use spinal manipulation to help sufferers of migraines, repetitive strain and sciatica. The Royal Family and 1 in 5 of the population, regularly use homeopathy, it treats people by using the method that whatever can make ill you can also make you well, it is more commonly used to treat eczema, arthritis, asthma and PMS. Herbal Medicine is the oldest method of medicine and is used all over the world with sales topping à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½126 million every year from over the counter therapies. The most common illnesses which it treats are migraines, arthritis, depression, insomnia and lung, stomach, blood and skin disorders. Massage Therapy, is the manipulation of soft tissue for therapeutic purposes, and is commonly used along side cancer therapy and is also popular amongst athletes. In 1995, Kate J Thomas, J P Nicholl and Margaret Fall, conducted a survey of how many GP's were referring their patients to CAM. They sent out their questionnaires via the post to 1226 individual GP's in a random cluster sample or GP partnerships in England, this was 1 in 8 GP partnerships in England in 1995. The method set by them was to assess estimates of the number of practices offering ‘in-house' access to any form of complementary therapies or if this was not available were they making referrals outside the practice, and if there was any funding available for CAM. The total number of returned questionnaires was 964 (78.6%). Out of those, 760 also gave detailed information. The results showed that an estimated 39.5% of GP partnerships offered some form of access to CAM for their NHS patients. An estimated 21.4% offered it via a member of the primary health care team, 6.1% had employed andindependent' CAM therapist, and an estimated 24.6% made referrals for CAM. The volume of CAM available within any individual service seemed to be low; acupuncture and homoeopathy are the most commonly available therapies. The number of patients who had to pay for the services of CAM, which were recommended by their GP's, was 25%. The survey found that fund holding practices were more likely to offer CAM compared to non-fund holding practices, these figures are 45% versus 36%. This proved that fund holding practices had more scope to offer CAM at the primary care level, evidence was also available to show that unless the primary care groups and primary care trusts help to support the provision of CAM to all practices then the level of which it is available will decline w ithin time. There is always going to be doctors who are opposed to CAM, it was easy to find evidence of this, on the BBC website I found two articles straight away, the first headlined as, ‘Doctors attack bogus therapies'. The article goes on to describe how some of Britain's leading doctors are urging the NHS to stop using CAM and to only pay for medicine which has been proven with solid evidence that it is successful, there are concerned about the amount of money that the NHS is spending on â€Å"unproven or disapproved treatments†, like those used by practitioners of CAM. They talk about Herceptin being of high cost so the NHS don't regularly fund it, but these ‘bogus' therapies are being funded. Prince Charles advocates CAM and wants the funding to continue, he also wants it to be integrated with conventional medicine, he told the World Health Assembly in Geneva: â€Å"The proper mix of proven complementary, traditional and modern remedies, which emphasises the active participation of the patient, can Help to create a powerful healing force in the world.† (Prince Charles, BBC News, 2006) This statement is criticised by doctors as ‘Implausible treatment', meaning that more than 12 reviews done off CAM have failed to produce any evidence of the effectiveness of CAM. Dr Peter Fisher, of the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital, says that these doctors opposing CAM seem to be causing a â€Å"Medical apartheid† within the NHS. Evidence in this article says that about half of GPs are thought to refer patients to CAM. My conclusion is that all the evidence points to the fact that general practitioners are just not ready for the change, they have trained at medical school for 5 years learning to use chemical drugs, and have been taught to trust them, which is good, but I feel that they need to be more open to the fact that the methods that CAM offer is beneficial to complement chemical drugs, and sometimes can eliminate the use of chemical drugs where relaxation is more beneficial. Take for example someone with stress, which can lead to depression, in this case anti depressants would be the most common form of chemical drugs, but say however the patient was offered massage therapy or aromatherapy to relax them, this may in the long run be more beneficial to the patients health. The implications of long time chemical drug use has been publicised many of times, yet there is no evidence to suggest that the services that CAM offer would harm with long term use. So why is the funding not available for more research to be done to help gain peoples confidence in CAM? I agree that times are hard with the NHS, but really in the majority of matters with the government it always comes down to funding or rather lack of funding. If we take funding/money out of the equation then is another problem area for CAM that people have closed minds, in that they do not want to try something new? It would be interesting if the ages of the General Practitioners were available who readily refer patients on to organisations that use CAM, because as people get older they become less accustomed to change, and are the new generation of doctors more open to change, whereas the older generation of doctors are more prone to not changing from chemical drugs. I will be interested to see what happens with the introduction of more CAM services within the NHS, will time change things? We can only wait and see, but personally I would like to see more of CAM introduced in the NHS.

Jury of her peers Essay

After the first reading 1. What do the women think happened at the farm? The women thought Mrs. Wright might have murdered her own husband. After the second reading 2. What is the climax of the story (When in the story does the narrative take a turn)? The story’s climax is when there are more evidences compiled at the end (the dead bird, broken cage, abuse, marital oppression) this turns the story to Minnie Foster as a victim and not as a criminal. 3. How well does this story fit the model of the stages of narrative? The story shows all the stages of narrative in correct order (intro, rising action, climax, falling action) except that the conclusion is left for the readers to think. 4. What other things do you notice? The women were not allowed to be jurors but in this story, they outsmarted their husbands/men in collecting evidences that would point to who the victim and who the murderer was. The strongest evidences would be the abuse and loneliness experienced by Mrs. Wright and the irony of how the bird and Mr. Wright were killed in the same way. 5. What questions do you still have? Â  Will the women tell their husbands/men what they saw? Will the women stand up at the trial for the evidences?

Aquitaine essays

Aquitaine essays Aquitaine est entre les Midi Pyrnes, Limousin, et Poitou Charenets. Il a situ trois cent cinquante miles sud loest Paris. Aquataine a une le frontire avec Lespagne. Aquataine est prs de lOcean Atlantique et les Pyrnes. La Garonne traverse LAquitaine. Il est un grande region en France. La capitale de Aquitaine est Bordeaux, situ sur le Garonne. La rgion est seperated dans cinq parties. En Aquitaine il y a beaucoup de vinyards. Il est trs joli. Il y a un beaucoup d'endroits la visite en France: edifices de Lascoux, La Madeline, Rouffignac, et beaucoup de chteaux. On peut jouer une beaucoup de sports en Aquataine pour exemple, golf et pelote. Pelote est le jeu plus rapide jou avec une balle La plages sont jaune, doux et sableux sur la cte de lAtlantique. Vous pouvez joue une jeu de volley. Aquitaine was name by Julius Caesar in the first century BC. Under the Romans, the province of Aquitania extended almost as far north as the Loire River. The portion south of the Gironde, was made a separate province in the late 3rd century. The remainder became a separate kingdom in the Frankish period. The title duke of Aquitaine was held by the counts of Poitiers from the 10th to the 12th century. The last duke was William X. When his daughter, Eleanor of Aquitaine, married the heir to the throne of England in 1152, the area became an English possession and remained so until the 15th century, when France at the end of the Hundred Years War annexed it. From the 13th century until the French Revolution, Aquitaine was called Guyenne. The name Aquitaine was revived in the 1960s to designate the economic region comprising the French departments of Pyrnes-Atlantiques, Landes, Gironde, Dordogne, and Lot-et-Garonne. ...

Create an Internet Shortcut (.URL) File Using Delphi

Create an Internet Shortcut (.URL) File Using Delphi Unlike regular .LNK shortcuts (that point to a document or an application), Internet Shortcuts point to a URL (web document). Heres how to create a .URL file, or  Internet Shortcut, using Delphi. The Internet Shortcut object is used to create shortcuts to Internet sites or web documents. Internet shortcuts are diverse from regular shortcuts (which contain data in a binary file) that point to a document or an application. Such text files with a .URL extension have their content in INI file format. The easiest way to look inside a .URL file is to open it inside Notepad. The content (in its simplest form) of an Internet Shortcut could look like this: [InternetShortcut] URLhttp://delphi.about.com As you can see, .URL files have an INI file format. The URL represents the address location of the page to load. It must specify a fully qualifying URL with the format protocol://server/page.. Simple Delphi Function to Create an .URL File You can easily programmatically create an Internet shortcut if you have the URL of the page to which you want to link. When double-clicked, the default browser is launched and displays the site (or a web document) associated with the shortcut. Heres a simple Delphi function to create a .URL file. The CreateInterentShortcut procedure creates a URL shortcut file with the provided file name (FileName parameter) for the given URL (LocationURL), overwriting any existing Internet Shortcut with the same name. uses IniFiles;...procedure CreateInternetShortcut(const FileName, LocationURL : string) ;begin   Ã‚  with TIniFile.Create(FileName) do   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  URL,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LocationURL) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free;  Ã‚  end;end; (*CreateInterentShortcut*) Heres a sample usage: //create an .URL file named About Delphi Programming //in the root folder of the C drive //let it point to http://delphi.about.com CreateInterentShortcut(c:\About Delphi Programming.URL , http://delphi.about.com ) ; A few notes: You could save a web page as MHT (web archive) and then create a .URL shortcut to be able to access an offline version of a web document.You must provide a full file name, along with the .URL extension, for the FileName parameter.If you already have an Internet Shortcut you are interested in, you can easily extract the URL from an Internet Shortcut (.url) file. Specifying the .URL Icon One of the neater features of the .URL file format is that you can change the shortcuts associated icon. By default the .URL will carry the icon of the default browser. If you want to change the icon, you only have to add two additional fields to the .URL file, as in: [InternetShortcut] URLhttp://delphi.about.com IconIndex0 IconFileC:\MyFolder\MyDelphiProgram.exe The IconIndex and IconFile fields let you specify the icon for the .URL shortcut. The IconFile could point to your applications exe file (IconIndex is the index of the icon as a resource inside the exe). Internet Shortcut to Open a Regular Document or an Application Being called an Internet Shortcut, a .URL file format does not permit you to use it for something else- such as a standard application shortcut. Note that the URL field must be specified in the protocol://server/page format. For example, you could create an Internet Shortcut icon on the Desktop that points to your programs exe file. You only need to specify the file:/// for the protocol. When you double click on such a .URL file, your application will be executed. Heres an example of such an Internet Shortcut: [InternetShortcut] URL file:///c:\MyApps\MySuperDelphiProgram.exe IconIndex 0 IconFile C:\MyFolder\MyDelphiProgram.exe Heres a procedure that places an Internet Shortcut on the Desktop, the shortcut points to the *current* application. You can use this code to create a shortcut to your program: uses IniFiles, ShlObj;...function GetDesktopPath: string;//get the location of the Desktop foldervar   Ã‚  DesktopPidl: PItemIDList;   Ã‚  DesktopPath: array [0..MAX_PATH] of Char;begin   Ã‚  SHGetSpecialFolderLocation(0, CSIDL_DESKTOP, DesktopPidl) ;   Ã‚  SHGetPathFromIDList(DesktopPidl, DesktopPath) ;   Ã‚  Result : IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(DesktopPath) ; end; (*GetDesktopPath*) procedure CreateSelfShortcut;const   Ã‚  FileProtocol file:///; var   Ã‚  ShortcutTitle : string;begin   Ã‚  ShortcutTitle : Application.Title .URL;   Ã‚  with TIniFile.Create(GetDesktopPath ShortcutTitle) do   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  URL,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FileProtocol Application.ExeName) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IconIndex,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IconFile,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application.ExeName) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free;   Ã‚  end;end; (*CreateSelfShortcut*) Note: simply call CreateSelfShortcut to create a shortcut to your program on the Desktop. When to Use .URL Those handy .URL files will be useful for virtually every project. When you create a setup for your applications, include a .URL shortcut inside the Start menu- let users have the most convenient way to visit your website for updates, examples, or help files.